Best things to do in Mauritania

• Capital: Nouakchott
• Language(s): Arabic
• Currency: Ouguiya (MRO)
• Dial Code: + 222

Mauritania: A Hidden Gem in West Africa – Your Ultimate Travel Guide

Mauritania may not be the first destination that comes to mind when you think of African travel, but this underrated country has a surprising amount to offer. Tucked in the Maghreb region of North Africa, Mauritania is a land of contrasts—majestic deserts, dramatic coastlines, and rich history, all waiting for curious travelers to discover. If you're looking for a travel adventure that’s a little off the beaten path, Mauritania could be your next great escape.

Where Is Mauritania?

Mauritania is a large country situated in the western part of North Africa. To the west, it’s bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, offering a stunning coastline for beach lovers and seafood enthusiasts alike. The country shares borders with Western Sahara to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mali to the east and southeast, and Senegal to the southwest. The capital and largest city, Nouakchott, sits along the Atlantic coast and serves as a gateway to this diverse and fascinating country.

Despite its vast territory, Mauritania is often overlooked in favor of more well-known destinations in Africa, making it a hidden gem for those looking for an authentic, less commercialized travel experience. But let’s dive into what makes Mauritania such a special place to visit, with plenty of top attractions, things to do, and places to explore.

Nouakchott – The Bustling Capital

When it comes to places to visit in Mauritania, the capital city, Nouakchott, is where your journey begins. It’s the country’s largest city, home to a mix of modern urban life and traditional Mauritanian culture. While the city itself is not known for grand monuments or ancient ruins, its vibrant markets, local eateries, and laid-back atmosphere make it the perfect introduction to the country.

In Nouakchott, you'll find bustling souks (markets) selling everything from colorful textiles to intricate pottery and handmade jewelry. One of the most popular things to do in Nouakchott is visit the fish market, where the day’s catch is brought in by local fishermen. It’s a lively and energetic place, offering a true taste of Mauritanian life.

If you’re a fan of history and culture, make sure to stop by the National Museum of Mauritania. It’s a great spot to learn about the country’s past, from its ancient civilizations to its more recent history. The museum showcases Mauritania’s rich cultural heritage, from the art of the Saharan people to the country’s Islamic influences.

Banc d’Arguin National Park – A Birdwatcher’s Paradise

For nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts, Banc d’Arguin National Park is one of the top attractions in Mauritania. Located along the coast, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of the most important bird sanctuaries in Africa. The park is home to thousands of migratory birds, including flamingos, pelicans, and other waterfowl. It’s also an important breeding ground for various species of fish and marine life.

If you’re into sightseeing and wildlife photography, Banc d’Arguin should be on your bucket list. The park offers guided tours by boat, allowing you to get up close and personal with its stunning natural beauty. Whether you're an experienced birdwatcher or just someone who loves the outdoors, this is a place you’ll want to visit.

Beyond birdwatching, the park is also home to traditional fishing communities that have lived in harmony with the environment for centuries. You’ll have the opportunity to learn about their unique way of life, which is closely tied to the rhythms of the ocean and the tides.

The Sahara Desert – A Majestic Landscape of Sand and Silence

One of the most striking features of Mauritania is its vast desert landscape. The Sahara Desert, which stretches across much of the country, offers an unforgettable experience for adventurers and thrill-seekers. Imagine standing on the edge of a towering sand dune as the sun sets over an endless sea of golden sand. It’s the kind of experience that makes you feel small in the best way possible.

If you’re looking for things to do in the desert, there are plenty of options. You can take a camel trek through the dunes, sleep under the stars in a traditional Bedouin tent, or go off-roading in a 4x4 to explore remote areas. For those with a keen interest in history, there are ancient trading posts and caravanserais scattered throughout the desert, offering a glimpse into Mauritania’s role as a crossroads of trade for centuries.

One of the highlights of the desert experience is visiting the ancient city of Chinguetti, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Once a center of learning and trade, Chinguetti is home to several old libraries filled with rare manuscripts, making it an important historical and cultural site.

The Adrar Mountains – Stunning Views and Unique Architecture

If you’re a fan of scenic landscapes, the Adrar Mountains in northern Mauritania are worth a visit. This rugged mountain range is home to dramatic cliffs, deep gorges, and unique oases that provide a stark contrast to the surrounding desert. It’s a great place for hiking and exploring, and the views from the mountaintop are simply breathtaking.

The region is also home to several ancient towns and villages, many of which have preserved their traditional architecture. The mud-brick houses and narrow streets of these towns look as though they’ve been frozen in time, providing a fascinating glimpse into Mauritania’s past. Visiting the Adrar Mountains is one of the best things to do in Mauritania if you want to combine outdoor adventure with cultural exploration.

The Rich History of Mauritania

Mauritania’s history is deeply intertwined with the cultures of North Africa and the Sahara. The country was once part of the ancient Roman province of Mauretania, which stretched along the northern coast of Africa. Today, the remnants of this ancient civilization can still be found in Mauritania’s archaeological sites.

One of the most notable historical attractions is the old city of Oualata, located in the southeastern part of the country. Oualata is known for its distinctive mud architecture and was once an important center of Islamic learning and trade. It’s a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the best-preserved ancient cities in the region.

Another historical site worth visiting is the town of Atar, located in the Adrar region. Atar is known for its traditional architecture and is a great base for exploring the nearby mountains and desert.

What to Know Before You Go

Before you pack your bags and head to Mauritania, there are a few practical things you should know. The country has a hot desert climate, so be prepared for extreme temperatures, especially if you’re traveling to the Sahara. Make sure to bring plenty of sunscreen, a hat, and lightweight clothing to stay cool in the heat.

Also, it’s important to note that Mauritania is a predominantly Muslim country, and it’s essential to respect local customs and traditions. Dressing modestly, especially in urban areas, is recommended, and it’s always a good idea to learn a few basic phrases in Arabic or French, as these are the main languages spoken in the country.

Why Visit Mauritania?

Mauritania may not be the most popular tourist destination in Africa, but that’s exactly what makes it so special. If you're looking for a travel experience that’s off the beaten path and filled with authentic culture, breathtaking landscapes, and rich history, Mauritania has it all. From the bustling markets of Nouakchott to the quiet dunes of the Sahara, this country offers an array of unforgettable experiences for those willing to venture into the heart of West Africa. So, pack your bags and get ready to explore the hidden treasures of Mauritania—your adventure awaits!