Best things to do in Turkmenistan

• Capital: Ashgabat
• Language(s): Turkmen
• Currency: Turkmen new manat (TMT)
• Dial Code: + 993

Turkmenistan: A Hidden Gem in Central Asia - Your Ultimate Travel Guide

Nestled in the heart of Central Asia, Turkmenistan is a country that might not immediately come to mind when you think of exciting travel destinations. But trust me, this fascinating, off-the-beaten-path country has a surprising number of places to visit, things to do, and top attractions that are sure to captivate any adventurous traveler. From vast deserts to ancient ruins, and modern-day quirks, Turkmenistan is ready to surprise you in the best possible way.

A Brief Introduction to Turkmenistan: Where the Desert Meets the Caspian Sea

Let’s kick things off with a quick geography lesson. Turkmenistan is bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, Uzbekistan to the east, Kazakhstan to the north and northwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west. That’s right, this landlocked country may be surrounded by desert on three sides, but it’s got a stunning coastline along the Caspian, where you can still indulge in some beach time (just not the kind you're used to).

The country’s most iconic feature? The Karakum Desert, which takes up the majority of the land and gives Turkmenistan that true "wild west" feel. But, believe it or not, Turkmenistan has more than just sand. Whether you're into ancient history, unusual natural wonders, or exploring cities with a fascinating political backdrop, Turkmenistan has things to do that will make you want to pack your bags and book a flight.

A Bit of History: From Soviet Roots to Independence

Before we dive into the fun stuff, let’s take a moment to understand Turkmenistan's modern history. Once part of the Soviet Union, Turkmenistan was known as the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic until it gained independence in 1991. The country’s post-Soviet identity is still emerging, with Saparmurat Niyazov—the president for life who became a bit of a legend in his own right—calling all the shots until his sudden passing in 2006.

Niyazov, who took on the title of Türkmenbaşy (Leader of the Turkmens), was known for his eccentricities, including writing his own book, Ruhnama, which was required reading across the country. After Niyazov's death, Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov took over as president, and the country has been slowly transitioning into a more modern state ever since. Still, Turkmenistan retains a political system that’s far from democratic, but hey, that’s all part of the intrigue that makes this place stand out.

Now, let’s get to the places to visit and sights to see. Spoiler alert: Turkmenistan is a treasure trove of fascinating destinations you won’t find anywhere else in the world.

Top Attractions: A Blend of the Ancient and the Unusual

1. The Door to Hell (Derweze Gas Crater)

No, this isn’t the latest horror movie—The Door to Hell is very real and very cool. This burning crater in the Karakum Desert has been alight since 1971, when Soviet scientists accidentally set it on fire while drilling for gas. The result? A massive, glowing pit of natural gas that burns 24/7, making it one of the most bizarre and unforgettable places to visit on the planet. There’s something truly captivating about watching the flames dance in the middle of nowhere, and it’s a must-see for anyone into sightseeing with a little touch of the surreal.

2. Ashgabat: The White Marble City

If you’re into architectural marvels, Ashgabat, the capital city, will blow your mind. The city is known for its gleaming white marble buildings that give it an almost futuristic vibe. But what really makes Ashgabat stand out is the sheer scale of its opulence. The Neutrality Arch, a 75-meter-high golden monument, stands proudly in the center of the city, reminding visitors of Turkmenistan’s political status and the country's grandeur. It’s like stepping into a land where wealth and power are on full display, and trust me, you’ll be snapping photos every step of the way.

3. Merv: Ancient Ruins with a Story to Tell

If you're a history lover, Merv should be high on your list of top attractions. Once one of the largest cities in the world during the Silk Road era, Merv is now an ancient ruin that offers a peek into the past. This UNESCO World Heritage site has everything from well-preserved walls to an ancient citadel, and wandering through its ruins feels like stepping back in time. Merv may not have the crowds of more famous historical sites, but that just makes it all the more magical for sightseeing and exploring.

4. Yangykala Canyon: Nature’s Color Palette

For those of you who are in it for the natural beauty, Yangykala Canyon is one of the most breathtaking places to visit in Turkmenistan. The canyon’s vibrant red, orange, and yellow rocks create a surreal landscape that looks like it’s been painted by Mother Nature herself. The rugged terrain is perfect for hiking, and it offers a peaceful escape from the city hustle. If you’re into photography, you’ll want to bring your camera along for this one—the views are truly out of this world.

5. Turkmenistan National Museum of History: Discover the Past

If you want to learn more about Turkmenistan’s history and culture, don’t miss the Turkmenistan National Museum of History in Ashgabat. This modern museum showcases a fascinating collection of artifacts from the country’s ancient civilizations, including items from the Parthian and Sassanid periods. It’s a great way to dive into the rich heritage of Turkmenistan and get a glimpse of its history from before it was a Soviet republic. Not only is it educational, but it’s also a stunning example of modern Turkmen architecture.

Things to Do: More Than Just Sightseeing

While Turkmenistan may not be the most conventional tourist destination, it offers a wide range of things to do for the curious traveler.

• Explore the Karakum Desert: For the adventurous at heart, a desert safari in the Karakum Desert is one of the most unique experiences you can have. The vast, empty landscape is perfect for off-road vehicles and dune-bashing. You’ll also have the chance to camp under the stars and enjoy the serenity of this untamed region.

• Visit the Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque: This massive mosque is the second-largest in the world, and its intricate design is a must-see for architecture enthusiasts. The mosque’s grandeur and the surrounding gardens make it a peaceful place to reflect and soak in the beauty of Turkmenistan’s cultural heritage.

• Relax by the Caspian Sea: Though Turkmenistan may be famous for its deserts, don’t overlook the coast along the Caspian Sea. Here, you can relax on the sandy beaches, take a dip in the warm waters, or enjoy some freshly caught seafood. It’s the perfect spot to unwind after exploring the country’s inland wonders.

Final Thoughts: Turkmenistan Awaits You

So, there you have it—Turkmenistan may not be at the top of everyone’s travel list, but it should be. With its top attractions, ancient ruins, and jaw-dropping natural landscapes, this Central Asian gem is full of surprises. Whether you're looking to wander through historical sites like Merv, marvel at the burning Door to Hell, or simply take in the unique culture, Turkmenistan is sure to leave a lasting impression. Ready for an adventure? This country is waiting to show you its hidden treasures.