Best things to do in Vatican City

• Capital: Vatican City
• Language(s): Italian
• Currency: Euro (€) (EUR)
• Dial Code: + 379

Vatican City Travel Guide: Smallest Country, Biggest Wonders

Tucked inside the heart of Rome like a secret treasure chest is Vatican City, the tiniest country in the world—and possibly the most powerful per square meter. Measuring just 44 hectares (that’s about 110 acres, or roughly the size of a large shopping mall), this city-state is proof that great things do come in small packages.

With a population of just over 800 people (many of whom wear robes and speak Latin), Vatican City is not just a quirky travel trivia fact. It’s one of the top attractions in Rome, a spiritual powerhouse, and a sightseeing goldmine for anyone even remotely interested in history, art, religion—or simply checking off another country from their bucket list.

This travel guide to Vatican City will walk you through the best places to visit, things to do, and how to make the most of your time in this divine destination.

What Exactly Is Vatican City?

Let’s clear up some confusion right away. Vatican City (officially “Stato della Città del Vaticano”) is a sovereign city-state completely surrounded by Rome. Yes, it’s a country inside another country. It’s landlocked, fenced in by medieval walls, and was officially created in 1929 by the Lateran Treaty, thanks to a historic handshake between Pope Pius XI (through Cardinal Pietro Gasparri) and Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini.

Now, here’s the twist: Vatican City is not the same as the Holy See, although the two are closely connected. The Holy See is the worldwide spiritual leadership of the Catholic Church, while Vatican City is the territory where it lives, breathes, and prays. Think of the Holy See as the soul, and Vatican City as the body.

A Country Where the Pope Is King (Literally)

In Vatican City, the head of state is none other than the Pope—also known as the Bishop of Rome. He’s the only absolute monarch left in Europe who wears a white cassock instead of a crown. This unique country is a sacerdotal-monarchical state (say that five times fast), which means it’s governed by clergy, and its top officials are Catholic priests and bishops.

So yes, you’re technically walking through a theocracy when you explore Vatican City. But don’t worry—it’s the friendliest theocracy you’ll ever visit, and probably the only one with a gift shop that sells holy magnets.

Things to Do in Vatican City

Though it's small, Vatican City is packed with things to do and see—so wear comfy shoes and bring a fully charged camera. This isn't just a stroll through history; it's a deep dive into the soul of Western art and culture.

Visit St. Peter’s Basilica

Let’s start with the crown jewel: St. Peter’s Basilica. This is one of the largest and most awe-inspiring churches on Earth. Even if you’re not religious, the sheer scale and beauty of this place will leave you speechless. It’s the spiritual heart of Catholicism, and according to tradition, it’s built over the tomb of St. Peter, one of Jesus’s twelve apostles and the first Pope.

Top attractions inside St. Peter’s include:

• Michelangelo’s Pietà – The sculptor’s only signed work, carved when he was just 24.

• The Baldacchino – A towering bronze canopy by Bernini that stands over the papal altar.

• The Dome – Climb up (or take the elevator partway) for stunning views of Vatican City and Rome.

Explore the Vatican Museums

Calling all art lovers: the Vatican Museums are a labyrinth of artistic wonders that could put the Louvre to shame. Founded by Pope Julius II in the early 16th century, the museums house an astounding collection of classical sculptures, Renaissance masterpieces, ancient artifacts, and religious treasures.

Don’t miss:

• The Raphael Rooms – Where frescoes burst off the walls with genius-level artistry.

• The Gallery of Maps – A long, dazzling hallway filled with old-school maps and gold-plated ceilings.

• The Egyptian Museum – Yes, the Vatican has mummies.

And of course…

Gaze Up at the Sistine Chapel

Every travel guide to Vatican City will scream this from the rooftops: You must see the Sistine Chapel. The ceiling painted by Michelangelo is one of the most famous works of art in human history. From the Creation of Adam to the Last Judgment, it’s a jaw-dropping experience that’s hard to describe in words. Just remember: no photos and no talking. The silence is sacred—and policed by guards who take “Shhh!” very seriously.

Wander St. Peter’s Square

Designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, St. Peter’s Square is the grand open space where thousands of pilgrims gather to see the Pope. Whether you arrive during a papal audience or not, it’s worth taking a moment to soak in the view of the colonnades and the obelisk at the center (which, fun fact, dates back to ancient Egypt). This is one of the most iconic sightseeing spots in Europe.

Unique Facts That Make Vatican City Even More Fascinating

• It has its own post office: And it’s more efficient than Italy’s, so send a postcard while you're there.

• It issues its own euro coins: Though they’re rare and collectors love them.

• It has the world’s shortest railway: Just 300 meters of track and two train cars.

• It has no taxes: But they do sell a lot of souvenirs to help cover the bills.

How to Visit Vatican City

Even though Vatican City is its own country, there are no border controls. You simply walk in from Rome—no passport check needed (though if you somehow get your hands on a Vatican passport, treasure it—it’s rarer than a unicorn).

• Opening hours: The Vatican Museums are typically open Monday through Saturday, and the last Sunday of each month (free entry that day—expect long lines).

• Dress code: Modest clothing is a must. No shorts or sleeveless shirts inside St. Peter’s Basilica.

• Tickets: Booking in advance is highly recommended, especially in high season.

Final Thoughts: Why Vatican City Should Be on Your Travel Bucket List

Visiting Vatican City is like stepping into a living museum, a spiritual center, and a historical epic all at once. From the top attractions like the Sistine Chapel and St. Peter’s Basilica to the countless artistic and architectural gems in between, this tiny country offers a sightseeing experience that punches way above its weight.

Whether you’re religious, spiritual, or just here for the frescoes, Vatican City promises to leave an impression as big as its dome. And the best part? You can say you visited an entire country in just one afternoon.