Best things to do in Mongolia

• Capital: Ulan Bator
• Language(s): Mongolian
• Currency: Tögrög (MNT)
• Dial Code: + 976

Exploring Mongolia: A Journey Through History, Nature, and Adventure

Mongolia, a vast landlocked country in Central Asia, may not be the first destination that comes to mind for travelers seeking excitement, but let me assure you—this hidden gem has places to visit that are as unique as they are breathtaking. From its rich history, deeply rooted in nomadic traditions, to stunning landscapes that range from rugged mountains to the vast Gobi Desert, Mongolia offers travelers an unforgettable adventure. If you love sightseeing in places that feel like a world unto themselves, you’re in for a treat!

A Brief Introduction to Mongolia: Land of Steppes and History

Mongolia is surrounded by Russia to the north and China to the south, east, and west, creating a land of vast open spaces and unparalleled natural beauty. Its capital, Ulaanbaatar, is home to almost half of the country’s population, and is where most of the hustle and bustle of the country’s political, economic, and cultural life occurs. Yet, outside of Ulaanbaatar, the real Mongolia awaits—a land shaped by ancient traditions, incredible landscapes, and the fascinating legacy of the Mongol Empire, founded by none other than the legendary Genghis Khan.

With a population of around 2.75 million and an area of 1.56 million square kilometers, Mongolia is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. The terrain is as diverse as it gets—steppes stretch endlessly, mountains rise sharply in the north and west, and the Gobi Desert sits like an enormous, sun-baked expanse in the south. The country’s nomadic traditions still thrive, with around 30% of the population living as nomads or semi-nomads.

In this travel guide, we’ll take you through the top attractions and things to do in Mongolia, from experiencing its rich cultural heritage to exploring its wild landscapes. Whether you’re into history, nature, or simply want to find a new adventure, Mongolia has something for everyone.

Top Attractions in Mongolia: A Place Like No Other

1. Ulaanbaatar: The Heartbeat of Modern Mongolia

Let’s start with Ulaanbaatar, the capital city that’s a mixture of modernity and tradition. This is where the country’s past and future collide in the most fascinating way. Here, you can find a mix of old Buddhist temples, Soviet-era buildings, and buzzing shopping districts. But what’s a trip to Ulaanbaatar without visiting Sukhbaatar Square, the symbolic heart of the city? The square is home to statues of national heroes and marks the site where the Mongolian People's Revolution began.

For those interested in Mongolian history, The National Museum of Mongolia offers exhibits detailing the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire, the fascinating history of Genghis Khan, and the country’s unique cultural evolution over the centuries. You can also check out Gandan Monastery, a Tibetan Buddhist center where the religious and spiritual side of Mongolia comes alive.

2. The Gobi Desert: An Iconic Land of Adventure

One of Mongolia’s most iconic features is the Gobi Desert, a sprawling, otherworldly landscape that offers a mix of desert, mountains, and unique wildlife. The Gobi Desert is a must-see for any traveler seeking adventure, with its dramatic sand dunes, rare species of animals (like the elusive snow leopard), and ancient sites. In fact, the desert is home to some top attractions like the Flaming Cliffs (Bayanzag), where paleontologists have discovered dinosaur fossils—talk about a "Jurassic" experience!

If you’re up for a real adventure, a camel trek through the Gobi Desert is one of the most exhilarating things to do in Mongolia. Imagine riding through towering sand dunes, experiencing Mongolia’s famed silence, and spending the night under the stars in a traditional gers (yurts). Don’t forget to check out Khongoryn Els, the largest sand dunes in Mongolia, which rise over 800 meters tall and offer views so stunning that they’ll make your Instagram followers green with envy.

3. Lake Khovsgol: A Tranquil Slice of Nature

For nature lovers, Lake Khovsgol is another of Mongolia’s places to visit that can’t be missed. Nestled in the northern part of the country, this lake is often called the "Blue Pearl of Mongolia." It’s surrounded by pristine forests and mountains, and the crystal-clear waters are perfect for activities like kayaking, hiking, or simply unwinding in the tranquility of nature. If you’re lucky, you might even catch a glimpse of the wild Mongolian horses that roam the shores.

4. Terelj National Park: Nature at Its Best

If you’ve ever dreamed of exploring Mongolia’s rugged beauty, Terelj National Park is the place to go. Just a short drive from Ulaanbaatar, it offers some of the best sightseeing in Mongolia. The park is home to dramatic rock formations, beautiful valleys, and unique wildlife. One of the most famous rock formations is Turtle Rock, a massive boulder that, unsurprisingly, looks like a turtle. It’s an iconic spot for photographs and the perfect place to start your outdoor adventures. You can also visit the Aryabal Monastery, where you’ll not only find a serene spiritual space but also get incredible views of the surrounding landscape.

5. The Orkhon Valley: A UNESCO World Heritage Site

For those with a love of history, the Orkhon Valley is one of the most significant cultural landmarks in Mongolia. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, this valley holds the remains of the ancient Mongol Empire and numerous important historical sites, such as the Erdene Zuu Monastery, one of the oldest Buddhist monasteries in Mongolia. The valley itself is full of natural beauty, including waterfalls, rivers, and lush pastures where you can experience the nomadic lifestyle firsthand. This is a perfect spot to explore the cultural heritage of Mongolia while enjoying its natural wonders.

Things to Do in Mongolia: More Than Just Sightseeing

1. Experience the Naadam Festival

If you time your visit right, you could be in Mongolia during the Naadam Festival, one of the biggest events of the year. Held in July, this festival celebrates the “Three Manly Games”—wrestling, horse racing, and archery. Watching the traditional Mongolian wrestling is a must-do, as the wrestlers wear colorful costumes and perform powerful maneuvers. Horse races in the steppe are also a big draw, and it’s an exhilarating experience to see these riders race across vast, open plains.

2. Go Horseback Riding: The Nomadic Experience

Mongolia’s nomadic culture is one of the country’s most fascinating aspects, and there’s no better way to immerse yourself than by riding a Mongolian horse. Whether you’re traveling through the Gobi Desert or exploring the wide-open steppes, a horseback ride offers a unique perspective on the land and the way of life here. You’ll also have the opportunity to meet local herders and learn about their daily routines, offering you a deeper connection to the Mongolian way of life.

3. Sleep in a Ger: A Traditional Experience

For an authentic Mongolian experience, you simply can’t miss staying in a ger (yurt). These traditional round tents are an iconic part of Mongolia’s culture, and staying in one is a chance to live like a true nomad. In many places across the country, you can book a night or two in a ger camp and enjoy meals cooked by local families. It’s a cozy way to experience Mongolia’s great outdoors and connect with its people.

Conclusion: Why Mongolia Should Be on Your Travel Bucket List

Mongolia may be one of the least visited countries in the world, but it offers things to do and places to visit that are unlike anything you’ll find elsewhere. Whether you're fascinated by ancient history, looking for adventures in nature, or wanting to experience a nomadic lifestyle, Mongolia promises an unforgettable journey. Its vast landscapes, rich traditions, and unique experiences make it a destination that every traveler should have on their radar. So pack your bags, bring your sense of adventure, and get ready to discover the wonders of Mongolia—because this is one destination you won’t soon forget!